Projects

International

Aplikácia tymolu ako kŕmneho aditiva vo výžive králikov.
Application of thymol as feed additive in rabbit nutrition.
Program:	Mobility
Project leader:	MVDr. Plachá Iveta, PhD
Annotation:	Phytogenic feed additives enhance productivity through the improvement of digestibility, nutrient absorption and reduction of pathogens in the animal gut. Their beneficial properties particularly arise from their bioactive molecules (e.g. carvacrol, thymol, cineole, linalool). The phenolic OH group in thymol is responsible for its strong antioxidant properties which makes it attractive, and it has become a fashionable topic of research interest. Antimicrobial activity of thymol has been evidenced in many studies, thus a potential effect of their use in animal nutrition may be the reduction of antibiotic resistance in farms. The main problems for plant compounds are related to their poor bioavailability and low concentrations in target tissues. The present study provides new insights for understanding the possible processes of absorption and deposition of thymol, which could help to propose an appropriate dose for its application considering safety food.
Duration:	1.1.2021 – 31.12.2022

BACFOOD – Bakteriocíny a ich prospešnosť pri redukcii nežiaducich, biofilm-produkujúcich baktérií z potravín a z prostredia ich výroby
Bacteriocins and their benefits in reduction of spoilage, biofilm-producing bacteria from food products and food industry environment
Program:	Bilaterálne – iné
Project leader:	MVDr. Lauková Andrea, CSc.
Annotation:	Food safety but also hygiene and safety of food industry environment are of prime concern to both, industry and consumers. In fact food security depends on food safety and control of food spoilage. The most inspected regarding these aims are products of dairy and meat industry. In spite of the maintaining all ISO rules and HACCP rules, contamination can occur in the food chain from roducer to consumer and the consequence is a decrease of the product quality. At recent time, the frequent studies are related to problems with biofilm-producing bacteria; they are in biofilm which is protective for them; it means they are more resistant to survive. This project therefore will solve use and benefit of bacteriocins (antimicrobial substances produced by some bacteria) to reduce spoilage biofilm-producing bacteria from food and food industry environment.
Duration:	1.1.2019 – 31.12.2022

ENOVAT – Európska sieť pre optimalizáciu veterinárnej antimikrobiálnej liečby
European Network for Optimization of Veterinary Antimicrobial Treatment
Program:	COST
Project leader:	RNDr. Bujňáková Dobroslava, PhD
Duration:	15.11.2019 – 14.11.2023

Molekulárne a fyziologické vlastnosti proteínov včelej materskej kašičky
Molecular and physiological properties of honeybee royal jelly proteins
Program:	Bilaterálne – iné
Project leader:	RNDr. Bíliková Katarína, PhD.
Annotation:	Study of physiologically active proteins and peptides of honeybee products, especially honeybee jelly and honey, with the aim of applying the results of the research in human medicine and nutrition
Duration:	1.4.2021 – 31.3.2024

Nové diagnostické a terapeutické nástroje v liečbe mnoholiekovej rezistencie nádorov
New diagnostic and therapeutic tools against multidrug resistant tumors
Program:	COST
Project leader:	Mgr. Messingerová Lucia , PhD.
Duration:	11.9.2018 – 10.9.2022

EpiLipidNET – Paneurópska sieť pre lipidomiku a epilipidomiku
Pan-European Network in Lipidomics and Epilipidomics
Program:	COST
Project leader:	Mgr. Balážová Mária, PhD.
Annotation:	Lipids represent a wide variety of molecules that play different biological roles such as energy resources, structural components or signaling molecules that regulate metabolic homeostasis. Most notably, lipids and oxidatively modified lipids have been found to be involved in regulating important mechanisms mediating tissue injury, inflammation, and related non-communicable diseases, which are responsible for near 70% of all deaths in developed countries.Lipidomics and Epilipidomics are the most promising strategies for the progress in the knowledge of lipids, aiming at biomarker discovery for the prevention, early diagnosis, monitoring, evaluation of diseases therapeutics. These approaches involve the use of complex protocols, different instrumentation and processing huge amounts of data. Effectiveness, while reducing the high costs associated with these technologies, requires a harmonized multidisciplinary approach involving coordinated actions from pan-European centres of lipidomics investigation. This will avoid unnecessary redundancy, improving reproducibility and ensuring efficient and productive research.EpiLipidNET aims to build and maintain a multidisciplinary pan-European network of researchers, clinicians and enterprises working in the field of lipidomics and epilipidomics to boost a hub of research excellence, advanced knowledge and technology transfer, to promote high level of training for young researches and facilitate clinical translation. EpiLipidNet will include five interactive Working Groups covering analytical methods and computational approaches in (epi)Lipidomics, clinical significance and applications, lipid signaling and mechanisms of action, dissemination and outreach.
Project web page:	https://www.cost.eu/actions/CA19105/#tabs|Name:overview
Duration:	13.10.2020 – 12.10.2024

Prospešnosť aplikácie bakteriocínov v diéte koní
Benefits of bacteriocins application in horse diet
Program:	Medziakademická dohoda (MAD)
Project leader:	MVDr. Lauková Andrea, CSc.
Annotation:	The aim of the project is to study the possible beneficial effect of enterocins on horse breeds in Slovakia/Poland. The natural substances (provided by the Slovak partner) will be used to maintain healthy conditions in horses. In the study microbiota, hematology, biochemistry, phagocytic and enzymatic/metabolic activity parameters will be analysed. In addition, it will be possible to isolate a new active bacteriocin from faecal samples of horses from Poland. The scientific area of the study is actual, only limited information is available regarding the horses microbiota and the effect of bacteriocins on the physiological parameters in those animals.The expected results will be the principal contribution to the knowledge of horses microbiota (also their welfare and health) which is still limited. Apart from enterocins analyses and their usefulness in horses we will perform detail sequencing of the faecal samples to distinguish microbiota profile from phyla to the species occurrence which will allow to extent the present knowledge in this field.
Duration:	1.1.2019 – 31.12.2022

Štúdium membránových proteínov asociovaných s extracelulárnymi vezikulami v reprodukčnom trakte cicavcov
Study of membrane proteins associated with extracellular vesicles in the mammalian reproductive tract
Program:	Mobility
Project leader:	Ing. Michalková Katarína, PhD.
Annotation:	The aim of the project is to study membrane proteins (tetraspanins, integrins and others) associated with the extracellular vesicles of the male and female reproductive tract and to elucidate their possible functions in pigs and cattle.
Duration:	1.1.2021 – 31.12.2022

Väzobné vlastnosti a úloha vybraných kvasinkových a ľudských proteínov prenášajúcich lipidy
Binding properties and function of selected yeast and human lipid transfer proteins
Program:	Mobility
Project leader:	RNDr. Griač Peter, CSc.
Annotation:	The proposed collaboration is aimed at better understanding of the role of lipid transfer proteins (LTPs) in the physiology of eukaryotic cells. LTPs are recognized as important determinants of lipid homeostasis, cellular signaling and membrane dynamics. Using the complementary expertise and methodologies of our collaborative laboratories we will study yeast phosphatidylinositol transfer proteins (PITPs) involved in various aspects of lipid homeostasis of this important unicellular model organism. With the help of the collaborative laboratory we plan to extend our studies of yeast LTPs to the study of human PITPs, particularly SEC14L1 protein, associated with uncontrolled cell growth in breast and prostate cancers. The proposed collaboration will deepen and intensify our existing contacts which have led to two joint papers so far. An important aspect of the collaboration will be implementation of methods developed in the British laboratory in Bratislava. We believe that this collaboration will eventually lead to a successful grant application at the international level.
Duration:	1.1.2021 – 31.12.2022

BETTER – Zvýšenie biosekurity v živočíšnej produkcii zvyšovaním povedomia a metód biokontroly pre redukciu rizík vzniku a šírenia infekčných ochorení.
Biosecurity enhanced through training evaluation and raising awareness
Program:	COST
Project leader:	MVDr. Lauková Andrea, CSc.
Annotation:	Biosecirity is a paramount importance to prevent the introduction and spread of pathogens and, consequently, to preserve health of farmed animals. Healthier animals result in better animal wellfere, better sustainability of animal production systems and less antimicrobial use. Despite these benefits, biosecurity is limited by different factors: lack of knowledge on ways for improvement, especially in extensive systems or settings with low resources, shortage of adequate ways to enhance communication, diversity methodologies and their cost-effectiveness, low number of trained professionals. To approach these challanges, project will evaluate how biosecurity is currently used and will use participative approaches to understand motivators and barriers for biosecurity implementation. Action will also compare existing methods and will identify which points has to be more trained and will develop courses for increase of professionals. Action will recommend priority research areas for future biosecurity improvement in animal production systems which will be reached via transdisciplinary group of investigators.
Duration:	21.10.2021 – 20.10.2025

National

Nano-Neuro-Plast – Aktivácia VGF/BDNF/TrkB dráhy syntetickou mRNA zapúzdrenou v polyplexových nanočasticiach: účinky na nervovú excitabilitu, neuroplasticitu a správanie zvierat
Activation of the VGF/BDNF/TrkB pathway by synthetic mRNA encapsulated in polyplex nanoparticles: effects on neural excitability, neuroplasticity and animal behavior
Program:	APVV
Project leader:	MMedSc Dremencov Eliyahu, DrSc
Annotation:	Neuroplasticity is the ability of the central nervous system (CNS) to change and adapt throughout the life through its structural and/or functional reorganization. Brain plasticity is essential for the normal CNS function, while several CNS disorders, such as depression and schizophrenia, are accompanied by decreased neuroplasticity. Neurotrophic growth factors, such as brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), VGF, and fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) play a key role in neuroplasticity. We will examine, for the first time, the effect of a non-invasive intra-CNS delivery of messenger RNA (mRNA) encoding these factors on neuronal excitability, plasticity, and animal behavior. Fluorescently labeled mRNA will be encapsulated in polyplex nanomicelles and administered intranasally. The incorporation of mRNA within the CNS will be assessed using STED microscopy. The effect of the exogeneous growth factor mRNA will be examined on neuronal excitability using in vitro and in vivo electrophysiology, on neurogenesis using the fluorescent immunohistochemical staining, on dendrito- and synaptogenesis using electron microscopy, on endogenous mRNA and protein expression-using the real-time PCR and Western blot analysis, and on intracellular calcium signaling using the method of planar lipid membranes. The effect of exogenous growth factor mRNA on the specific characteristic of animal behavior (cognition, social interacting, and anxiety) will be attested using appropriate behavioral tests. We expect that the polyplex nanomicelles to be designed will deliver mRNA encoding neurotrophic factors to the deep brain areas, with subsequent induction of pro-neuroplastic, pro-cognitive, anxiolytic and antidepressant-like effects. This non-invasive way of administration of a therapeutic mRNA into the brain might be used in the future as a next generation treatment strategy in depressive and psychotic disorders.
Duration:	1.7.2021 – 30.6.2025

ALTREAT – Alternatívne terapie parazitóz malých prežúvavcov
Alternative parasite control of small ruminant
Program:	APVV
Project leader:	MVDr. Váradyová Zora, PhD
Annotation:	Diseases caused by helminths of farm animals are among the most serious infectious diseases. They account for over 55% of all livestock diseases in Europe and cause significant losses in animal production figures. The spread of anthelmintic resistance in livestock parasites has led to the failure of therapy and the need to developnew strategies and recommendations for effective control of the antihelminthic parasite resistance. The project offers an alternative strategies to currently used chemotherapy solutions, namely the concept of herbal nutraceuticals as feed for ruminants with an effect against gastrointestinal parasitoses.
Duration:	1.7.2019 – 30.6.2023

Bakteriocíny a ich využitie na redukciu nežiaducej mikrobioty v chove zvierat
Bacteriocins and their use to reduce spoilage microbiota in animal husbandry
Program:	VEGA
Project leader:	MVDr. Pogány Simonová Monika, PhD
Annotation:	Methicillin resistance in staphylococci has had problem occuring also in animal production. Reduction and/or elimination of methicillin resistant (MetR) staphylococci in healthy breed is problem due to their multiresistance. However, utilization of antimicrobial proteinaceous substances –enterocins with a broad inhibition spectrum (produced by some strains of the genus Enterococcus) could be a promising way. In this basic research project will be therefore investigated inhibition activity of enterocins (characterized at our workplace) against a terget of faecal microbiota with impact on MetR and biofilm-forming staphylococci from various animals. Testing will be provided under in vitro as well as in vivo conditions; effect of enterocins against selected MetR strains will be verified in a model experiment by using experimental (mice) or farming (broiler rabbit) animals.
Duration:	1.1.2021 – 31.12.2024

iPoW – Behaviorálne a fyziologické indikátory welfaru hydiny
Behavioural and physiological indicators of poultry welfare
Program:	APVV
Project leader:	RNDr. Košťál Ľubor, CSc.
Annotation:	Factors influencing animal welfare include physical environment and resources available to the animal (resource-based indicators) as well as farm management practices (management-based indicators). Depending on its characteristics (breed, sex, age, etc.), the animal responds to these inputs and its responses are evaluated using animal-based welfare indicators. The EU funded project Welfare Quality®, as well as the EFSA\’s scientific opinions, have provided the toolbox of animal-based welfare indicators for various livestock species, including poultry. Nevertheless, there is still need to develop more specific indicators and new methods for measuring the established indicators. The aim of the project is to help with solving the problem of damaging behaviour in group housed laying hens without the need of painful beak-trimming, to contribute to the understanding of the relation between cognition and emotions in poultry, to assess the possibility of affecting welfare status by epigenetic effects of maternal androgens using Japanese quail lines selected for testosterone content in eggs as a model,to study the epigenetic effects of light quality during prenatal and early postnatal period on welfare, to analyse the possibility of using the immunological indicators of welfare status and to validate laboratory procedures for the analysis of corticosterone and androgen metabolites in poultry droppings, that could serve as a non-invasive welfare indicator.
Duration:	1.8.2018 – 30.6.2022

Bioaktívne oleje v terapii mikrobiálnych infekcií na modeli aviárnej chorioalantoickej membrány
Bioactive oils in the therapy of microbial infections on avian chorioallantoic membrane
Program:	VEGA
Project leader:	Mgr. Máčajová Mariana, PhD.
Annotation:	The treatment of various microbial and yeast infections is currently a major challenge in veterinary medicine. For breeders, some diseases such as mastitis, trichophytia or onychomycosis are often eradicating. Because of frequent antibiotic resistance, other treatments are emerging. In our project we will develop an in vivo model for the research of yeast and bacterial infections. We will use quail and turkey chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) to test the effects of various drugs and treatments. After validation and optimization of the model, we will topically apply bioactive substances in various concentrations and monitor their antimicrobial and biological effect. We will also monitor the additive effect of PDT using curcumin and hypericin. Angiogenic changes, expression of selected genes, histological and immunohistochemical changes after application of the substances will be examined. The obtained results will be useful in the treatment of yeast and microbial infections in animals and humans.
Duration:	1.1.2021 – 31.12.2024

GLYCO4BIO – Biočipové systémy na cielenú glykánovú analýzu biomarkerov pre biomedicínske a biotechnologické aplikácie
Biochip systems for targeted glycan analysis of biomarkers for biomedical and biotechnological applications
Program:	APVV
Project leader:	Ing. Sulová Zdena, DrSc.
Annotation:	The GLYCO4BIO project focuses on research and development of analytical systems based on microarraybiochips enabling targeted and high-throughput glycoprofiling and their use in biomedicine and biotechnology. Thisis a strongly interdisciplinary research with a high degree of innovation, especially in the field of construction andapplication of original biochip devices on the microarray platform. New systems for analyzing glycan structures invarious types of biological samples will be developed, verified and validated, such as a high-performancemicrofluidic reflectometric label-free microarray system, and an on-chip glycoprofiling platform combiningmicroarray and MS technology. The expected benefit of the presented project is mainly in the development ofinnovative biochip systems for targeted glycorecognition based on modern technologies and their use inbiomedicine, biotechnology, the study of biointeractions and in the analysis and screening of biomarkers. Thesystems will be applied, for example, in the research and detection of biomarkers of congenital disorders ofglycosylation (CDG), cancer, gestational diabetes, in oncological research, as well as in the development andcharacterization of the therapeutic proteins. The developed biochip systems significantly outperform traditionaltechniques and have a high potential for their translation into clinical analysis. The expected results of the projectwill improve and expand the possibilities of diagnostics and therapy, and significant benefits are also expected inthe expansion of knowledge in the field of biomedical research, glycoproteomics and biotechnology.
Duration:	1.7.2021 – 30.6.2025

Biomarkery nutričného a zdravotného statusu hospodárskych zvierat
Nutritional and health biomarkers in farm animals
Program:	VEGA
Project leader:	MVDr. Grešáková Ľubomíra, PhD.
Annotation:	Proposal project is focused on the investigation of appropriate dietary and health biomarkers reflecting the dietary intake, nutritional status and biological effects of feed additives used in animal nutrition. Nutritional biomarkers are biochemical, functional, or clinical indices of animal status that reflect nutrient exposure (recent or long term), nutritional status depending on digestibility, absorption and utilisation of dietary nutrient, and nutrient metabolism/effect in animal body. Effective gastrointestinal functionality is crucial in determining animal health, welfare and performance, therefore we will focus on the biomarker determination of gastrointestinal functionality. The suitability of selected biomarkers will be tested in experiments by animal feed supplementation. The experiments will be aimed to improve the mineral status and optimize digestive processes in poultry and sheep to minimize the environmental pollution by the reduction of methanogenesis and excretion of heavy metals.
Duration:	1.1.2021 – 31.12.2024

BIOZINC – Biovyužiteľnosť zinku u hospodárskych zvierat – možnosti a riešenia
Bioavailability of zinc in animals – the possibilities and solutions
Program:	APVV
Project leader:	RNDr. Čobanová Klaudia, PhD.
Annotation:	The objectives of the presented project proposal are aimed at obtaining a new knowledge about thebioavailability of zinc from various prevalently organic sources currently used as feed additives in animal nutrition. We will study the impact of plant secondary metabolites, fiber type and phytase activity in the diet on zinc absorption, retention and tissue deposition in ruminants and monogastric animals. At the same time, we willexamine the effect of organic zinc and herbal nutraceuticals on the physiological processes of the gastrointestinal tract in in vitro and in vivo conditions and the antioxidant status of animals. Our principal intention will be to enhance the potentials of an efficient use of mineral additives in animal nutrition and thus contribute to the reduction of the negative impact of animal husbandry on the environment.
Duration:	1.8.2018 – 30.6.2022

Diagnostika onkologických ochorení pomocou aptasenzorov: vývoj a validácia
Diagnostic of oncological diseases using aptasensors: development and validation
Program:	VEGA
Project leader:	Ing. Poturnayová Alexandra, PhD.
Annotation:	DNA aptamers, also referred to as DNA antibodies, are short single-stranded sections of DNA that form spatial structures that allow high-affinity to interact with receptors and other biomolecules. The project aims to develop and validate a new diagnostic method that utilizes the unique affinity properties of DNA aptamers for the early detection of cancer.In terms of project aims, we will analyze the molecular mechanisms of interactions between DNA aptamers and specific markers found on the surface of the tumor cells. We plan to use a sensitive method of quartz crystal microbalances (QCM), which allows real-time monitoring of interactions. For practical use, we plan to prepare conjugates of selected aptamers and gold nanoparticles depending on their physicochemical parameters and their interaction with neoplastic cells. We have the ambition to identify factors currently limiting the wider use of aptamers and aptamer-modified nanoparticles in clinical practice and contribute to their elimination.
Duration:	1.1.2021 – 31.12.2024

EMBRYOLOSS – Etiológia porúch skorého preimplantačného vývinu
Etiology of early preimplantation development disorders
Program:	APVV
Project leader:	MVDr. Fabian Dušan, DrSc.
Annotation:	Decreasing rates of early embryo survival after sucessfull fertilization cause economic losses in animal production. Embryo survival depends on the extent of induced disorders and ability of embryo to repair them. Using mouse model, the project will study molecular mechanisms by which selected exogenous (environmental burden) and endogenous factors (disordered maternal milieux) cause preimplantation development failure. Signaling pathways activated by specific ligands originating from environment and from maternal organism will be analyzed. Outcomes will elucidate mechanisms of developmental disorders induced by insecticides with embryotoxic potential and by maternal obesity. Collaterally, project will assess the effectivity of two basic reparatory mechanisms in preimplantation embryos: elimination of damaged cells and repair of damaged DNA. Results will bring new information on the physiological abilities of early embryonic cells to cope with externally induced disorders. Findings should help with solving problem of gradually increasing incidence of post-conceptional infertility.
Duration:	1.7.2019 – 30.6.2023

Fotodynamická terapia nádorových buniek karcinómu krčka maternice na modeli chorioalantoickej membrány morčacieho embrya
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Program:	DoktoGranty
Project leader:	Mgr. Kundeková Barbora
Duration:	1.1.2021 – 30.6.2022

Funkčná analýza nových proteínov potrebných pre meiotickú rekombináciu
Functional analysis of new proteins required for meiotic recombination.
Program:	VEGA
Project leader:	Mgr. Bágeľová Poláková Silvia, PhD.
Annotation:	Sexual reproduction is primarily dependent on meiosis, a specialized cell division that generates haploid cells from diploid progenitors. It is absolutely essential that the halving of chromosome number is achieved accurately, because errors in this process can lead to genetic diseases such as Down Syndrome. The aim of our research project is to understand the molecular function of new proteins required for meiotic chromosome segregation in the yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. To identify new proteins required for meiotic chromosome segregation, we screened S. pombe deletion mutant library. We have identified 25 new proteins, which have not yet been implicated in meiosis. The functional analysis of three of these proteins Dbl2, Mal3 and Mto1 has been recently published (Polakova et al., 2016; 2014). The results of this screening demonstrate that many of the key regulators of meiotic chromosome segregation have not yet been described, and thus open exciting possibilities for future research projects.
Duration:	1.1.2019 – 31.12.2022

FUPKOPROSP – Funkčné potraviny na báze kozieho mlieka a ich prospešnosť pre zdravie
Functional food based on goats milk and its benefit on health
Program:	APVV
Project leader:	MVDr. Lauková Andrea, CSc.
Annotation:	Functional food, can be characterized as common and/or traditional food enriched with special component;component will allott to that that food term functional meaning immunity stimulation, tracy elements addition tothe body following the principal aim to have beneficial effect on health. Relating to dairy industry or agriculture,nowadays is prefering goats milk and/or products made up from it. In the framework of functional food is verypopular and acceptable involving of probiotic bacteria; after their colonization in host organism, they can formideal environment which with their metabolites or with their involving in the receptors influencing immune systemcan beneficially influence host organism.These bacteria can reach host organism/consumer by two ways: per osor via food. The project is focused on isolation, identification, general and technological characterization ofautochtonnous lactic acid bacteria from goats milk and cheese of different Slovak producers; suitable, selectedstrain will be applied into product made up of goats milk in semi-processing (laboratory) conditions as well as indairy-farming – customer of project application output condition; then the application form and effect of that onefunctional food will be tested using volonters (via consumption of cheese or the other products made up of goatsmilk). Application output will be the authochtonnous culture which could be used for technological processing of goats milk and/or products made up of it; these together with their final benefit on cunsumer health could allottthat product to functional food.
Duration:	1.8.2018 – 31.7.2022

Charakterizácia biosyntetickej dráhy kardiolipínu kvasinky Schizosaccharomyces pombe ako modelovej eukaryotickej bunky
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Program:	VEGA
Project leader:	RNDr. Griač Peter, CSc.
Annotation:	Fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe represents an important unicellular model organism to studymolecular and cell biology of eukaryotes. Our knowledge of mitochondrial lipid biogenesis of this yeast is onlyvery limited. That prevents the use of S. pombe as a model to study mitochondrial disease mechanisms and as atool to discover therapies. Goal of the proposed project is characterization of the biosynthetic pathway of a uniquemitochondrial phospholipid, cardiolipin (CL). We will analyze enzymes of this pathway with the focus on CLsynthase, phosphatidylglycerolphosphate (PGP) synthase, PGP phosphatase as well as enzymes responsible forCL remodeling. We will study regulation of CL biosynthetic pathway on transcriptional and posttranscriptionallevels. We will compare CL biogenesis in S. pombe, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and higher eukaryotes toevaluate the suitability of S. pombe as a unicellular eukaryotic model to study mitochondrial processes.
Duration:	1.1.2019 – 31.12.2022

RENASTHERA – Inovatívna antisense terapeutická platforma pre CKD – chronické ochorenie obličiek
Novel renal antisense therapy platform for CKD
Program:	APVV
Project leader:	Ing. Poturnayová Alexandra, PhD.
Annotation:	Chronic kidney disease (CKD) with its progressive nature towards end-stage renal disease (ESRD) is a lethal andrapidly progressing severe health complication associated with significantly decreased quality of life and highmortality rates. Strikingly, despite the progress made in early-diagnostics of CKD, state-of-the-art therapeutics donot significantly decrease the risk of renal and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality rates in CKD patients whichremain devastatingly high. This fact highlights an urgent need not only for novel therapeutics but also for theimplementation of progressive experimental and clinical tools into translational drug discovery. In this context, theproposed RENASTHERA project offers a novel therapeutic solution to stop progressive renal function loss. Thissolution is based on a patented method of nucleic acid inhibition. Periostin, a 90 kDa secreted protein wasidentified as a key player in CKD development, inhibition of which effectively prevented CKD progression. Thedesign, synthesis, and functional validation of an RNA inhibitor specifically designed for periostin RNA is thus theclearly defined scope of the proposed RENASTHERA project.
Duration:	1.8.2021 – 30.6.2025

2/0057/22 – Inteligentná hĺbková mozgová stimulácia ako inovatívna stratégia pre liečbu mozgových porúch
Smart deep brain stimulation as a treatment strategy in treatment-resistant depression
Program:	VEGA
Project leader:	MMedSc Dremencov Eliyahu, DrSc
Annotation:	Impaired connectivity between different brain areas underlines pathophysiology of multiple brain disorders. It is possible that impaired connectivity between prefrontal cortex and ventral pallidum is involved in depression. Smart deep brain simulation, combining real-time detection of the neuronal activity in in prefrontal cortex with the stimulation of ventral tegmental area, might be thus an effective in depression. We aim to examine the cortico-tegmental connectivity and to test the antidepressant-like effectiveness of the smart deep brain stimulation in an animal model of depression.
Duration:	1.1.2022 – 31.12.2025

Interakcie mitochondriálnych genómov
Interactions of mitochondrial genomes
Program:	VEGA
Project leader:	Mgr. Bágeľová Poláková Silvia, PhD.
Annotation:	Evolution and the origin of new species can be studied experimentally in yeasts, where new species arise in the process of speciation from interspecific hybrids. Hereby the crucial role play “out of tune” nucleo-mitochondrial interactions. Our aim is to use a number of hybrids with recombined mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and known sequence to complete the aims from previous projects as well as to elucidate: (i) nucleo-mitochondrial interactions in interspecific hybrids; (ii) the nature of gain-of-function mutations that allow the cell to adapt toforeign mtDNA; (iii) whether mitochondrial protein synthesis is required to maintain complete mitochondrial genomes; (iv) to obtain evidence for the species-specific gene order in mtDNA and for the existence of recombined mtDNAs in nature; (v) to investigate the possibility of rearranging of the gene order in mtDNA; (vi) to investigate the possibility of communication in yeast mitochondria through small proteins encoded by the genes for mitochondrial ribosomal RNAs.
Duration:	1.1.2020 – 31.12.2023

Kontrola integrity DNA v preimplantačnom embryu
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Program:	VEGA
Project leader:	MVDr. Baran Vladimír, CSc.
Duration:	1.1.2019 – 31.12.2022

Kotranskripčné formovanie pre-mRNA štruktúry, model štrukturálnych motívov nevyhnutných pre definíciu exónu
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Program:	APVV
Project leader:	Mgr. Královičová Jana, PhD.
Duration:	1.7.2019 – 30.6.2023

Kožný mikrobióm psov za fyziologických a patologických podmienok
The skin microbiome in dogs under physiological and pathological conditions
Program:	VEGA
Project leader:	MVDr. Strompfová Viola, DrSc.
Annotation:	The complex community of microorganisms involved in important physiological functions, such as the biosynthesis of vitamins and amino acids or modulation of immune responses, is present not only in the gastrointestinal tract but also on the surface of intergumentary system in both humans and animals. Seeing that it is organ continually exposed to environmental conditions, many factors can contribute to the development of dysbiosis leading to various dermatological problems very frequent in dogs nowdays. However, knowledge about the composition, diversity and functions of skin microbiota in dogs is negligible. The aim of this project will be the taxonomic characterization of skin microbiota detected using cultivation and next-generation sequencing, focusing on healthy individuals and individuals with various skin diseases predominantly of infectious and immune character. The possibilities of optimizing/stabilizing bacterial skin colonization for maintenance of physiological skin functions will also be tested.
Duration:	1.1.2020 – 31.12.2023

Kryofertilita – Kryouchovávanie gamét a embryí hovädzieho dobytka pre účely génovej banky
Cryopreservation of cattle gametes and embryos for gene banking
Program:	APVV
Project leader:	RNDr. Antalíková Jana, PhD.
Annotation:	Cryopreservation and subsequent long-term preservation of gametes from genetically significant individuals of different livestock breeds play an important role in solving the issue of preserving animal gene resources. The methods of freezing of oocytes and ovarian tissues must ensure their good quality and viability after thawing. In ourprevious studies, we tested the in vitro cryopreservation procedure of mature bovine oocytes, which proved to be more successful compared to freezing of ovarian fragments containing follicles with immature oocytes. However, due to the high variability of results after in vitro fertilization of thawed oocytes, this strategy requires furtheroptimization. The project will be focused on increasing the survival of oocytes after thawing and minimizing freezing damages to oocytes, as well as on promoting cell division and development of preimplantation embryos in vitro derived from frozen oocytes. In this concern, besides optimizing the cryopreservation regime, we plan to modify theculture conditions by using special additives to the culture media (antioxidants, growth factors, etc.). It is expected that optimization of the methods would ensure greater cryotolerance of bovine oocytes and in vitro produced embryos for gene bank preservation purposes.
Duration:	1.7.2020 – 30.6.2024

Kyselina puniková: produkcia a mechanizmy jej účinku v kvasinkách
Punicic acid: production and mechanisms of its action in yeasts
Program:	VEGA
Project leader:	Mgr. Holič Roman, PhD.
Annotation:	Punic acid (18: 3Delta9cis, 11trans, 13cis) is the major constituent of triacylglycerols in pomegranate seed oil. It is characterized by a wide range of bioactive effects including currently highly attractive anti-cancer properties. Mechanisms of its action are unknown. The project is focused on the examination of its heterologous production and lipotoxicity in yeasts. Punicic acid production will be achieved by heterologous expression of two pomegranate genes involved in its biosynthesis. Project will focus on distribution of punicic acid in the cell, its effect on cell division, and mechanisms facilitating its efficient storage in the form of storage lipids. The acquired knowledge will contribute to the elucidation of anticancer effects of punicic acid and identification of factors necessary for its overproduction in yeast. Obtained results can be applied also in biotechnological production of other unusual fatty acids in microorganisms.
Duration:	1.1.2020 – 31.12.2023

Mechanizmy komunikácie a adaptácie preimplantačného embrya v narušenom prostredí
Mechanisms of communication and adaptation of preimplantation embryo in a disturbed environment
Program:	VEGA
Project leader:	RNDr. Čikoš Štefan, DrSc.
Annotation:	Maternal physiological condition and environmental factors can significantly influence preimplantation embryo development. Disturbances at this developmental period can have long-term consequences, including unsuccessful gravidity or impaired offspring health, and can cause economic losses in animal production. The proposed project will study mechanisms involved in the communication of early mammalian embryo with the surrounding environment and responses enabling the early embryo to adapt to changes in its environment. Expression of specific types of cell receptors (especially receptors binding small-molecule ligands) in preimplantation embryos and effects of their activation on the embryo development, especially on the cell survivaland apoptosis will be studied. Mechanisms of dead cell elimination in preimplantation embryo will be studied as well. Results obtained in the mouse model will be verified in selected farm animals to identify conserved mechanisms or to reveal possible inter-species differences.
Duration:	1.1.2019 – 31.12.2022

NONBOVQUAL – Metóda pre hodnotenie mikrobiologickej kvality surového kozieho mlieka a aplikácia autochtónnych kyslomliečnych baktérií pri spracovaní nebovinných mliek
Evaluation method of raw goat milk microbiological quality and use of autochthonous lactic acid bacteria at non-bovine Milk processing
Program:	APVV
Project leader:	MVDr. Lauková Andrea, CSc.
Annotation:	The aim of the project submitted is to increase products quality made from non-bovine milks (ewes and goat). The value of total cell count in non bovine milk is their basic statutory indicator. In the past, a speedy routine method based on laser flow cytometry was introduced in Slovak practice for microbiolgical quality evaluation of raw ewes milk. This method proved to be beneficial for ewes milk producers and processors. However, for the evaluation of raw goat milk quality, solely the lenghty assigned cultivation method is still used. Therefore, the project aims to design a conversion formula specific for Slovakia to measure raw goat milk microbiological quality mean of laser flow cytometry method to CFU/ml which are used for statutory limits, and to the implementation of this method in practice as an accredited and authorized methods. For the improvement of dairy products quality based on non-bovine milks speedy methods which allow the separation of milk worth insufficient quality, do not constitute the only important condition. The other important condition consists in biological/bioprocessal methods of spoilage microbiota elimination during milk processing itself. Therefore, the subsequent aim of the project is the utilization of autochthonous beneficial, bacteriocin-producing lactic aicd bacteria strains with bacteriocin activity in products produced from non-bovine milks up to the implementation of such procedures in dairy processing.
Duration:	1.7.2021 – 30.6.2025

IZOTIOVIVO – Molekulárne mechanizmy protinádorových vlastností trialkyl- /triarylcíničitých izotiokyanátov a karboxylátov, nových ligandov jadrových retinoidných X receptorov v karcinómoch mliečnej žľazy potkana a v ľudských nádorových bunkách prsníka
Molecular mechanisms of trialkyl-/triaryltin isothiocyanates\’ and carboxylates\’ antitumour properties – novel ligands of nuclear retinoid X receptors in rat mammary gland carcinomas and human tumour cell lines
Program:	APVV
Project leader:	Mgr. Šereš Mário, PhD.
Annotation:	Organometallic compounds, on account of their structural diversity, are applied in human oncology in the treatmentof cancer. Triorganotin derivatives showed significant cytotoxic properties. At the cellular level, they induce massivecell death in various types of cell cultures even at low concentrations and are able to activate the processes ofapoptotic pathways, in which several molecular mechanisms play a role. A significant breakthrough in knowledgewas our recent experimental confirmation of the ability of molecules of triorganotin compounds to bind to nuclearretinoid X receptors, and thus function as potent agonists. The aim of the present project is to investigate the in vivo effects of tributyl/triphenyltin isothiocyanates in the process of chemical carcinogenesis of the mammary glandof female rats, which is based on our current results of in vitro experiments. Simultaneously, the research ofantitumour properties of triorganotin compounds activating RXR-RAR heterodimers comprising novel RXR agonistsbased on triorganotin carboxylates, is envisaged. In vitro analyses of molecular mechanisms leading to inhibition oftumour cell growth or induction of apoptosis in the presence/absence of natural ligands of RAR receptors onhuman breast tumour cell lines: MCF-7 (non-invasive, ER positive), T47D (ER positive), MDA-MB-231 (invasive,triple negative) and MDA-MB-436 (invasive, ER negative, PR negative), will be accomplished. We also plan toachieve new data on the possible endocrine disruption of triorganotin compounds on the murine TM3 cell line andthe human COV434 cell line representing the reproductive system. We assume that the presented project will gainnew and original knowledge about the mechanism of the action of the studied substances through their binding andactivation of nuclear receptors, their transactivation as well as crosslink with other signalling pathways that maycontribute to the development of novel treatment options for breast cancer.
Duration:	1.7.2021 – 30.6.2025

HiVaLip – Nekonvenčné kvasinky ako producenty lipidov s vysokou pridanou hodnotou
Nonconventional yeasts as producers of high value-added lipids
Program:	APVV
Project leader:	Mgr. Holič Roman, PhD.
Annotation:	In addition to traditional baker`s yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae there is a large group of „nonconventional“ yeasts which have evolved specific metabolic adaptations enabling them to utilize various growth substrates. An important group of nonconventional yeasts is represented by oleaginous yeasts which are able to accumulate high amount of lipids. Due to specific lipid metabolism and ability to utilize various cheap waste products as growth substrates, several nonconventional yeast species could be used for the production of high value-added lipids. The project is focused on the potential of nonconventional yeasts for the production of two such lipids – punicic acid and squalene. Punicic acid is a polyunsaturated fatty acid present in the pomegranate seed oil. Squalene is a triterpenoid produced in eukaryotes as the intermediate in sterol synthesis. Both lipids show positive effects on human health and have thus high potential for the use in cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries and as nutraceutics or additives to functional food and feedstuff. The project will focus on the effect of heterologous expression of genes from pomegranate on punicic acid production in the yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe and in two oleaginous yeasts Rhodotorula (Rhodosporidium) toruloides and Yarrowia lipolytica. Accumulation of squalene will be studied by applying the methods of metabolic engineering in R. toruloides and Y. lipolytica. An important aim of the project is also lipid metabolism and production of lipids in selected species of the genus Magnusiomyces and screening of nonconventional yeasts from yeast collections for their potential to produce high value-added lipids. In the identified species, the ability to utilize cheap waste substrates for growth will be determined. The results obtained within project implementation could thus extend the use of nonconventional yeasts in the biotechnological production of commercially valuable lipids.
Duration:	1.7.2021 – 30.6.2025

Nová generácia antidepresív – dlhodobé účinky na potomstvo
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Program:	APVV
Project leader:	prof. RNDr. Lacinová Ľubica, DrSc.
Duration:	1.7.2020 – 30.6.2024

Nova generácia kŕmnych aditív vo výžive zvierat.
New generation of feed additives in animal nutrition.
Program:	VEGA
Project leader:	MVDr. Plachá Iveta, PhD
Annotation:	Recently, we have recorded a large number of scientific publications dedicated to the use of phytoadditives in animal nutrition. In particular those containing phenolic constituents with strong antioxidative properties. Most of the studies examined particularly the production performance. Whereas majority of scientific works is devoted to the commercial use only limited number of scientifically verified works is focused on the mechanism of action and metabolism of plant compounds. Based on our current knowledge we set a goal to research the metabolic biotransformation of the main bioactive component of Thymus vulgaris, thymol. The obtained results will enhance our current knowledge regarding its absorption and distribution in animal organism. The wide scientific community will be enriched by the results concerning the mechanism of action of main compounds of plant feed additives in animal organism as these knowledges are still lacking in scientific literature.
Duration:	1.1.2020 – 31.12.2023

Nový pohľad na izotiokyanáty ako látky zasahujúce do homeostázy neoplasticky transformovaných buniek
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Program:	VEGA
Project leader:	RNDr. Imrichová Denisa, PhD.
Duration:	1.1.2021 – 31.12.2024

Nutraceutiká a ich medicínske a zdravotné výhody pre hospodárske zvieratá.
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Program:	VEGA
Project leader:	Prof. MVDr. Faix Štefan, DrSc.
Duration:	1.1.2021 – 31.12.2024

Omnipotence – Obranné mechanizmy mikrobiálnych a živočíšnych buniek pri znižovaní ich citlivosti na rastlinné defenzné zlúčeniny
Defense mechanisms of microbial and animal cells in reducing their sensitivity to plant defensive compounds
Program:	APVV
Project leader:	Ing. Sulová Zdena, DrSc.
Annotation:	Living organisms have developed during evolution different strategies for securing better position in the competition for vital sources. Biosynthesis of various biologically active substances enabled specific organisms to be more successful than others. Plant metabolites have important position among these substances. Many products of plantsecondary metabolism are known as effective pharmacological tools. A widespread use of these plant products can be predicted in various applications in veterinary and human medicine, food safety, etc. These applications willdepend on the development of knowledge in biosciences, to which the presented project aims to contribute. The ability to modify the structure of known substances of plant origin in the laboratory gives almost unlimited possibilities for the rational design of new biologically active structures. Therefore, we choose "OMNIPOTENCE" asthe acronym of our project. The project is aimed primarily on several plant products and their semisynthetic analogues as possible tools for modulation of proliferation and phenotypes of neoplastic and microbial cells. Living cells have developed several defensive strategies against toxic attacks mediated by different substances. The ability to develop such strategies may be considered as a basal characteristic that enables the cell to survive in the hostile environment. In addition to response specific for various organisms, general strategies have developedduring evolution that are functional in various types of living cells including mammalian neoplastically transformed cells, eukaryotic and prokaryotic microbial cells. The proposed project will focus on detailed analysis of the mechanisms how neoplastic mammalian and microbial cells respond to selected plant defensive substances andtheir semisynthetic derivatives.
Duration:	1.7.2020 – 30.6.2024

Pilotná štúdia selektívneho pôsobenia novej generácie RNA interferenčných agens na bunkovej úrovni
A pilot study of the selective effects of a new generation of RNA interfering agents at the cellular level
Program:	VEGA
Project leader:	Ing. Poturnayová Alexandra, PhD.
Duration:	1.7.2020 – 31.12.2022

Plasticita mozgu v spojení s naučenou vokálnou komunikáciou u spevavcov
Brain plasticity associated with learned vocal communication in songbirds
Program:	VEGA
Project leader:	Mgr. Niederová-Kubíková Ľubica, PhD.
Annotation:	Neuroplasticity or brain plasticity is the ability of the brain to change as a result of experience or injury. Except of other factors, neuroplasticity is enabled by neurogenesis. Impaired neurogenesis is associated with cognitive decline, behavioral changes, depression, and various neurodegenerative diseases. One of the aspects that caninfluence neurogenesis, and thus learning, memory or the number of new neurons in an injured area, is the circadian clock. However, its presence in various species is not clearly established. Therefore, our first aim is to determine if there are circadian oscillations in the number of newborn cells in the brain of songbirds. Songbirds share with humans some traits of neurogenesis as well as the rare ability of vocal learning. Injury in one of the areas controlling song led to changes in cerebellum that has been not studied for vocal learning up to now. Thus,in the second part of the project we propose to study the function of cerebellum for the learned vocal communication.
Duration:	1.1.2020 – 31.12.2023

KINSPL – Posttranslačná regulácia faktorov zostrihu pre-mRNA
Post-translational regulation of pre-mRNA splicing factors
Program:	APVV
Project leader:	Mgr. Bágeľová Poláková Silvia, PhD.
Annotation:	Many splicing factors have been shown to be post translationally modified by phosphorylation, however, very little is known about the principles of this regulation. Additionally, linking protein kinases with functional consequencesfor the splicing factors they target is quite challenging. Recently, we performed systematic analysis of spliceosomalsubcomplexes of fission yeast S. pombe and identified novel phosphomodifications of splicing factors. Phenotypicanalysis of phospho-mimicking and phospho-null mutants of selected splicing factors revealed that their activitiesare robustly regulated by phosphorylation. Importantly, we identified several spliceosome-associated proteinkinases which are likely to regulate the spliceosome through phosphorylation of splicing factors.In this project, we will continue in our effort and will study the dynamics of spliceosome phosphorylation. We willestablish direct connections between splicing factors and the spliceosome-associated protein kinases. Affinitypurification followed by advanced mass spectrometry and ATP analog-sensitive mutants of spliceosomeassociatedprotein kinases will be employed to characterize the dynamics of spliceosome phosphorylation. We will also analyse in detail the splicing alterations induced in splicing phosphomutants using RNA-seq and qRT-PCRanalyses, and compare them with the alteration evoked after inhibition of spliceosome-associated protein kinases.This will allow us to identify specific phosphomodifications of splicing factors which are determinative for splicingtransitions and coordinated regulation of splicing.It is widely accepted that studying the post-translational regulation of splicing is crucial to get better insight into themechanisms regulating gene expression in normal and pathological states. Thus, understanding of the regulatorymechanisms of splicing factors will ultimately lead to approaches to correct or circumvent splicing-related diseasesat the molecular level.
Duration:	1.7.2021 – 30.6.2024

KBD – Poškodenia hrebeňa hrudnej kosti – príčiny a dôsledky pre welfare, zdravie a produkciu nosníc
Keel bone damage – causes and consequences for laying hens welfare, health and production
Program:	VEGA
Project leader:	RNDr. Bilčík Boris, PhD.
Annotation:	Keel bone damage is currently one of the major problems influencing welfare of laying hens. Extremely high frequency and severity of damage adversely affects also egg quality and production. The aim of the present project is to investigate the prevalence of the keel bone damage in various types of housing technologies in Slovakia, to apply innovative methods of fracture and deformation detection and to test the possibilities of intervention in breeding, technology and management.
Duration:	1.1.2019 – 31.12.2022

LIPinINF – Potenciálna úloha kyseliny valproovej v potlačení zápalu
The potential role of valproic acid in attenuation of inflammation
Program:	APVV
Project leader:	Mgr. Balážová Mária, PhD.
Annotation:	In the context of current SARS-CoV-2 infections and accompanying pulmonary complications, attention needs to be focused on all aspects of the respiratory system. The virus is causing damage to type II alveolar cells, thusdrastically reducing the production of lung surfactant lipids and proteins that are essential for respiration and theirsecretion into alveolar space. Understanding the defense mechanisms of the lungs plays a crucial role in responding to infection. One of the critical consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection is the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).The main objective of this project is to contribute to the knowledge about the potential use of valproic acid to induce the synthesis of phosphatidylglycerol in the pulmonary surfactant. To answer specific questions, we will use three models differing in their complexity – yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), human tumor cell line (HAP1), and avian chorioallantoic membrane. We hypothesize that intracellularly increased phosphatidylglycerol level could suppress inflammatory responses in ARDS patients and reduce the attachment of the virus to cell surface receptors. This would mean a reduction in infectious particle transmission between individuals and significant alleviation of ARDS symptoms.
Duration:	1.8.2021 – 30.6.2025

Príjem a metabolizmus externých sterolov počas hypoxického stresu u kvasiniek
Sterol quality control in utilisation of external sterols under hypoxic stress in yeast
Program:	VEGA
Project leader:	Mgr. Valachovič Martin, PhD.
Annotation:	Hypoxic stress significantly affects sterol homeostasis in yeast. The proposed project addresses utilization of exogenous sterols, namely animal cholesterol and plant sterols, as an adaptation to low oxygen conditions. We will focus on the mechanism(s) that cells possess to monitor compatibility of imported sterols and yeast membranes. We named this a ‘sterol quality control‘ concept. Studied will be individual components of sterol import: cell wall proteins, plasma membrane sterol transporters and sterol esterifying enzymes. In a view of the proposed concept, the physical and physiologically relevant membrane properties in which native ergosterol has been replaced by environmental sterols will be analyzed. Since the host sterol uptake contributes to resistance of pathogenic fungi to antimycotics, the project has the potential with respect to the innovation of existing antimycotics as well as development of the new ones.
Duration:	1.1.2020 – 31.12.2023

Problémové správanie hydiny – vplyv prítomnosti matky a definovanie individuálnych fenotypov náchylných na jeho vývin
Behavioural disturbances in poultry – influence of mother presence and definition of individual phenotypes susceptible to its development
Program:	VEGA
Project leader:	Mgr. Pichová Katarína, PhD.
Annotation:	The poultry industry and especially egg industry in Europe undergoes significant changes. The primary objectiveof these changes is to improve animal welfare, quality of life of animals. Despite of the efforts producers have toface large economical and welfare problems such as feather pecking, cannibalism and aggressive behaviour.There is increasing pressure to solve these problems in a way friendly towards the animals that will not causeadditional stress or pain. The aim of the project is to extend information on damaging behaviour in poultry and tocontribute to the understanding of the factors influencing a development of this behaviour, such as the influenceof rearing with mother or the impact of individual differences, personality, susceptibility to the development ofdisturbances, and in cooperation the European network of scientists to propose solutions feasible for agriculturalpractice.
Duration:	1.1.2019 – 31.12.2022

Dbl2 – Proteín Dbl2 ako nový regulátor stability a dynamiky genómu v kvasinkách Schizosaccharomyces pombe
Dbl2 protein as a novel regulator of genome stability and dynamics in fission yeast
Program:	APVV
Project leader:	Mgr. Bágeľová Poláková Silvia, PhD.
Annotation:	Sexual reproduction is primarily dependent on meiosis, a specialized cell division that generates haploid cells from diploid progenitors. To identify novel regulators of meiosis, we screened a library of fission yeast deletion mutants and found that deletion of the dbl2 gene led to missegregation of chromosomes during meiosis. Analysis of live dbl2Δ cells by fluorescence microscopy showed that chromosomes frequently failed to segregate during meiotic or mitotic division. Further cytological and biochemical analyses revealed that this segregation defect is due to persistent intermediates of DNA double-strand break repair, also called DNA joint molecules. Our results indicate that Dbl2 is required for formation of Fbh1 DNA helicase foci at the sites of DNA double-strand break repair in order to process DNA joint molecules and allow segregation of chromosomes during meiotic or mitotic divisions. Our new data suggests that in addition to performing a function in meiotic recombination and DNA repair, Dbl2 is also a component of a genome mechanism that is used to decrease the levels of both protein- coding and non-coding RNAs. This study intends to determine the molecular mechanism by which Dbl2 regulates genome stability and gene expression. We will use classical genetic and biochemical methods, advanced microscopy, RNA and CHIP-sequencing as well as reconstitution of hypothetical cell biological events in vitro to uncover its function. Importantly, the findings of this research will have broad implications to the field of sexual reproduction and cancer research.
Duration:	1.7.2019 – 30.6.2022

SWIREG – Regulácia komplexu Swi5-Sfr1 pomocou fosforylácie.
Regulation of the Swi5-Sfr1 complex by protein phosphorylation.
Program:	APVV
Project leader:	Mgr. Bágeľová Poláková Silvia, PhD.
Annotation:	Homologous recombination is important for repair of damaged DNA in vegetative cells but is also required for proper segregation of chromosomes during meiosis, a specialized cell division, which produces haploid gametes such as eggs and sperm cells in mammals and spores in yeast. Swi5-Sfr1 heterodimer complex stimulates the Rad51-mediated exchange of DNA strands, a key step in homologous recombination. We have identified swi5 and sfr1 deletion mutants in a screening for mutants defective in chromosome segregation during meiosis in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Our initial characterization revealed new phosphorylation sites on both Swi5 and Sfr1. In this project, we want to decipher how phoshorylation regulates the role of Swi5 and Sfr1 in both vegetative and meiotic S. pombe cells. This will help us to understand the process of homologous recombination and reduction of chromosome number during meiosis. Both Swi5 and Sfr1 proteins are evolutionarily conserved, raising the possibility that our results will be relevant to studies in various organisms including mammalian cells.
Duration:	1.7.2018 – 30.6.2022

Regulácia ryanodínových receptorov (RYR) z mozgu potkana vo fyziologických a patofyziologických podmienkach
Regulation of ryanodine receptors (RYR) from the rat brain under physiological and pathophysiological conditions
Program:	VEGA
Project leader:	Mgr. Gaburjáková Marta, PhD.
Annotation:	The ryanodine receptor (RYR) plays a key role in neuronal Ca2+ signaling that is substantially involved in neurotransmission. In the brain, all three RYR isoforms are expressed that likely complicates study of their function and regulation at the single channel level. Our aim is to reliably recognize individual RYR isoforms using specific functional parameters and assess whether there exist tissue-specific properties of them. Further, we will monitor RYR channels from the rat brain under pathophysiological conditions that will be achieved by stripping FKBP12 (the RYR associated protein) from the channel complex employing the endogenous phosphorylation machinery. For the RYR2 isoform (the dominant one in the brain), we will test our hypothesis about the inhibition effect of dantrolene, which is likely manifested only under some conditions. Our ambition is to understand the molecular mechanism of the therapeutic effect of dantrolene on some neurodegenerative diseases that are linked to RYR dysregulation.
Duration:	1.1.2020 – 31.12.2023

Sledovanie prepojenia molekulárnych dejov vedúcich k rozvoju viacliekovej rezistencie v leukemických bunkách
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Program:	VEGA
Project leader:	Ing. Sulová Zdena, DrSc.
Duration:	1.1.2021 – 31.12.2024

Štúdium a využitie bakteriocínov v prevencii moru včielieho plodu
Study and use of the bacteriocins in prevention of American foulbrood
Program:	VEGA
Project leader:	RNDr. Kopčáková Anna, PhD.
Duration:	1.1.2019 – 31.12.2022

Štúdium proteínov tetraspanínovej rodiny v procese reprodukcie hovädzieho dobytka
Study of tetraspanin family proteins in cattle reproduction process
Program:	VEGA
Project leader:	Ing. Jankovičová Jana, PhD.
Annotation:	Tetraspanins are membrane proteins of various types of somatic cells of many animal species involved in numerous functions. Based on the described expression and functional experiments on mouse gametes, it is clear that they are also involved in the fertilization process. Our analyses confirmed the presence of CD9 and CD81 tetraspanins on bull sperm as well as bovine and porcine oocytes and embryos. Since these proteins act within the complex, so-called tetraspanin web, the aim of this project is to study other molecular partners, whether from the family of tetraspanins or others in terms of their importance in the process of bovine reproduction. The results obtained would not only extend the knowledge in the field of physiology of mammalian reproduction, but could also contribute to the identification of new markers useful in practice, as the reproduction of livestock is an exclusively controlled process.
Duration:	1.1.2020 – 31.12.2023

Úloha proteín-proteínových interakcií v regulácii srdcového ryanodínového receptora
The role of protein-protein interactions in regulation of the cardiac ryanodine receptor
Program:	VEGA
Project leader:	Mgr. Gaburjáková Jana, PhD.
Annotation:	Ca2+ ions, essential for contraction of cardiomyocytes, are released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) via the cardiac ryanodine receptor (RYR2), an indispensable component of the excitation-contraction coupling machinery. Function of the RYR2 channel is modified by multiple associated proteins, located on both cytoplasmic and luminal RYR2 faces. The goal of this project is to investigate new aspects of protein-protein interactions involved in RYR2 regulation from the luminal side where calsequestrin (CSQ2) presumably senses and translates changes in luminal Ca2+ to the RYR2 channel. However, the RYR2 channel possesses also intrinsic luminal Ca2+ sensor within its first luminal loop. The physiological roles of such luminal sensors and their co-existence remain to be defined. We will examine what structural changes in CSQ2 induced by Ca2+ are communicated to the RYR2 channel and whether the regulation role of CSQ2 could be replaced by calreticulin, which is overexpressed in the SR in the absence of CSQ2.
Duration:	1.1.2021 – 31.12.2024

Optogenetika u s – Určenie úlohy dopamínu a neurogenézy v dospelosti pre naučené správanie spevavcov pomocou optogenetickej manipulácie
Examining the role of dopamine and adult neurogenesis in learned behavior of songbirds using optogenetic manipulation
Program:	APVV
Project leader:	Mgr. Niederová-Kubíková Ľubica, PhD.
Annotation:	Dopamine signaling and neurogenesis play an important role in structural and functional neuroplasticity in the adultbrain. In this project, we focus on the role of the dopaminergic neurotransmission and the role of newborn neuronsfor the control of learned motor sequences in songbirds. While there are numerous studies about motor sequencelearning with external reward such as food, studies that involve internal reward system are rare. The internalreward system has been linked with dopamine signalization, and the songbird vocal learning and productionrepresent a great model for such study since the birdsong comprises sequences of very fast actions. We proposeto use the modern technique of optogenetics to manipulate vocal sequences. The optogenetic approach enablesprecise control of neural activity in a specific brain region in a freely moving animal with millisecond precision. Herewe propose to modify dopamine reward signaling to the striatal part of basal ganglia and examine the changes inthe song sequence. The results will determine the role of dopamine reward system in birdsong learning. In thesecond part of the project, we propose to optogenetically manipulate the activity of new neurons incorporated to thebrain region necessary for song production. The number of newborn neurons in this region increases at the timewhen the song structure is more variable and new syllables are integrated to the song. We will find in the projectwhether new neurons born in adulthood are able to modify the song and whether they enable or contribute to thesong variability.
Duration:	1.7.2021 – 30.6.2025

LEBRE – Viaclieková rezistencia u leukemických buniek – fenotyp spôsobený interferenciou viacerých molekulárnych príčin
Multidrug resistance of leukemia cells – Phenotype caused by interference of multimodal molecular reasons
Program:	APVV
Project leader:	Ing. Sulová Zdena, DrSc.
Annotation:	The multidrug resistance (MDR) of neoplastic cells represents a serious problem in the treatment of cancer. Tumor transformed cells could develop a wide range of defense mechanisms that enable them to escape from apoptosis induced by chemotherapy. In our project, we will focus on research concerning the development and particularlyidentification of mechanisms involved in resistance of leukemic cells. The most common molecular feature responsible for development of MDR in neoplastic cells represent expressions and transport activity of transporters belonging from the ABC gene family, and particularly the best-known member of this family ABCB1 protein alsoknown as P-glycoprotein (P-gp). Our findings in the previous period has shown that during development of multidrug resistance associated with P-gp overexpression several alterations of processes lead to cell death (such as: response to endoplasmic reticulum stress, deregulation of calcium dependent processes in the intracellularspace or induction and progression of programed cell death – apoptosis) could occurred. These alterations are associated with the remodeling of surface proteins and their ubiquitination and glycosylation. These changes, and probably many others, create a complex insight of the molecular changes responsible for the reduced response ofleukemia cells to the drugs induced apoptosis. In the current project we will focus to bring novel results important for understanding of the interplay of various molecular changes involved in development of multidrug resistance in leukemia cells. As a model we will use cell sublines obtained by adaption of parental leukemia cells to stressors of endoplasmic reticulum, proteasome inhibitors, hypomethylating agents and vincristine.
Duration:	1.7.2020 – 30.6.2024

Vychytávanie železa a rezistencia na antibiotiká u Enterobacterales potravinových zvierat.
Iron intake and antibiotic resistance in food animal Enterobacterales.
Program:	VEGA
Project leader:	RNDr. Bujňáková Dobroslava, PhD
Annotation:	The main objective of the proposed project will be to obtain a new knowledge about the relationship betweenantibiotic resistance, virulence, ferric ions uptake and biofilm formation on model species of food animal bacteriai. e. Enterobacterales and Escherichia concerning to extraintestinal – ExPEC, avian pathogenic – APEC andverotoxigenic – VTEC Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Enterobacter. Research will be focused on the most importantmechanisms of resistance: plasmid ampicillinases, cephalosporinases, carbapenemases, plasmid resistance tofluoroquinolones and resistance to colistin. Bacterial clonal relatedness and sequence type (ST) of selectedEscherichia coli isolates will be also determined. The achieved results will be applicable in bacteriologicaldiagnostic of resistance mechanisms by interpreting reading of minimal inhibitory concentration of antibiotic andin student education.
Duration:	1.1.2021 – 31.12.2024

Výskum zmien vo fenotype leukemických buniek po indukcii membránového transportéra ABCB1.
Study of alteration in leukemia cells phenotype after induction of ABCB1 membrane transporter
Program:	VEGA
Project leader:	prof. Ing. Breier Albert, DrSc.
Annotation:	The development of knowledge and methodology of biological sciences has provided opportunities for accurateanalysis of genome, proteome, glycome and lipidome. This allows characterization of genotypic and phenotypicchanges of patients and impact of these changes for choice of optimal therapeutic procedure and overallprognosis. Exact genotyping and phenotyping allows more successes in the design of treatment procedures alsoin patients with blood malignancies. However, multidrug resistance (MDR) may take part in chemotherapy ofleukemia and represents a negative prognostic factor. The most frequent molecular cause of MDR isoverexpression of membrane transporters from the ABC family (especially of P-glycoprotein, P-gp). P-gp inleukemic cells causes the development of MDR to its substrates. The expression of P-gp in leukemic cells islinked to extensive changes in protein profiles and their glycosylation that leads to altered leukemic cellsphenotype. This phenomenon will be studied in the present project.
Duration:	1.1.2019 – 31.12.2022